History of enlightenment Essay Example for Free

History of enlighten ment Essay(1) Newtonian theory vs. Einstein and HeisenbergThe Newtonian theory refers to the work of one of the earliest scientists kn hold as Isaac Newton who stated that, the laws of nature (gravity) control conduct the durable movements of objects and also maintained the delicate balance that holds things firmly to the ground. However, since then this theory has been subjected to many conflicting philosophic views and opinions that have either challenged or supported it. The emergence of Albert Einstein and his genius in physics, for instance, gave way for heated debates about the credibility of the Newtonian theory of natural law and gravity. Albert Einstein in his proposed theory of relativism helped to pass by Newtonian dynamics to include motion at speeds of approaching than that of light. This reinvigorated additional clause on the initial theories of gravity saw the revolutionary perception of the effect of motion on gravity. The new findings le d to the disputation of the absoluteness of Newtonian theory in that, Einstein discovered some faults that made the Newtonian theory incomplete and questionable. Einstein was able to learn that some elements such as time, mass, energy, space, and even topic are not necessarily absolute in themselves, they can therefore be measured or altered by a person depending on the nature of his/her study variables. Nick Strobel, 2001Warner Heisenberg later emerged to add his findings on what he called quantum mechanics that described motion on a subatomic scale. In his findings Heisenberg, asserted that the mankind was full of uncertainties that made it not an obvious phenomenon to ever understand. The more precisely the position is determined the, the little precisely the momentum is known at this instant, and vice versa The work of these two scientists heralded the genesis of new studies that sought to provide insights on initially abstract theories, the Newtonian one included. Mr. Edmond son, 2000(2) Social Darwinism and HitlerThe theories of social Darwinism, provided for a healthy competition among individuals, groups, nations, and the global introduction as a whole for purposes of achieving social evolution amongst gracious societies. Social Darwinism is a derivative from the Charles Darwins theory of natural selection. Natural selection according to Darwin is the growth of speciation in populace that is brought about by competition between individual mortals for limited resources a phenomenon called, excerpt for the fittest. Johnson, D. Paul, 2008In his book, Main Krampf Hitler expresses acknowledgement of both the whizs of social Darwinism and natural selection, this he exhibits by asserting that the world should be classified to throngs ancestry, a classification that will involve with some people being placed on higher classes than others, he quoted the example of Germany Aryans as more superior than the blacks, Jews, and gypsies as belonging to a lesse r class. Again, Hitler is seen as acting beyond the dictates of social Darwinism or even the principal of natural selection with his racial attitude towards the Jews whom he accuse of abetting racial dilution tactics in sanctify to bring about equality. His perception of social Darwinism and natural law was about the political, social, and economic struggle between the mainstream Aryans and the minority Jews. His racialism attitudes led him to the gassing and brutal murdering of millions of Jews as a way of satisfying his own social Darwinist theory. Mein Kampf, 1939(3) Sigmund Freud vs. John LockeAccording to john Locke, self is the cognizant thinking thing which is in itself intelligent or conscious of pleasure and pain and proficient of cheerfulness or melancholy, and so is concerned for itself, as far as that cognizance extends. In other words to him self is a character awareness and self thoughtful awareness that is fixed in the body. Locke, Essay, 1997 In his work some tho ughts concerning Education he indicates it is education that fills the rather empty human mind, by asserting that out of the ten men he meets with nine of them are what they are, morally upright or morally rotten, useful or not, corking or evil, chiefly due to their education. Locke, Some Thoughts, 1996 Further he argued that little and almost insensible impressions we hold in when we are young having lasting impacts to ourselves simply due to the fact that they were the foundations of the self. Locke, Some Thoughts, 1996On the other advance Sigmund Freud differed vehemently with Lockean theory in that he argued that human beings behavior is controlled largely by their unconscious mind minds. He argued that the understanding of conscious thoughts and behavior is determined by revisiting the unconscious mind. He developed repression as blusher factor that determined unconscious, out of belief that far many people repress painful memories into their unconscious minds. He further clarified that the very process of repression took place within an individuals conscious mind but rather in the unconscious one, and therefore many people are asleep that is happening on them. Barlow DW, Durand VM, 2005Finally Freud stubborn stance on the unimportance of both education and intervention to the alleviation of violence or suffering can be attributed to his changing of the system of unconsciousness and copy it into the concept of Ego, super-ego, and id. Super ego is ability to psyche ones morals and not taking in to report card circumstantial morals situations, while Id was derived from William James early works. It is in light of this that Freud vehemently disputed the caprice that the success of the population relied on education. Barlow DW, Durand VM, 2005 Freud position of mind has been a great challenge to the enlightenment model of rational agency which then was a core element in modern philosophy.