Inequality in the United States Among Minorities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1915 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Social Inequality in the United States among Minorities By: CLK Have you ever been treated unfair, not equal because of your race, gender, status, wealth. Every day in this world people are judged and discriminated against just for these things and sometimes for other simple reasons. So many movements have happened in the United States to try and right the wrong of unequal things against minorities. For example women’s suffrage which was the fight for the right for women to vote, they weren’t allowed to vote just based off the fact that they were woman. Another movement was the civil rights movement which if you think about it was not that long ago, it was long overdue, but the movement was not that long ago. As many know it was the fight for the equal justice and treatment of blacks in this country. Being a minority has a broad wide range it is just not black people , or anyone that is not white there are other groups of minorities such as Hispanics, or being a woman, gays and lesbians, religion groups. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Inequality in the United States Among Minorities" essay for you Create order While in this course I have learned so much about many different kinds of social problems in societies around the world and in the United States, such as poverty, social inequality, race and cultural discrimination, gender stratification, environmental damage, population growth, and urbanization. I chose my final essay to be on Social Inequality and the Minorities in the United States. For me this subject raises many points of our daily life and brings us to the point of reality in our world. While we think such things as racism and discrimination are minor things in our bust lives or in our changing world, but those things are still very much alive, maybe just not in the for front like they were once before but they still do exist and very much alive in out country. My paper is going to discuss how minorities are treated unfair or unequal in this country, and what I think we can do to better solve this silent growing problem here in the great United States, for I believe our country has come alone way but we have so much further to go to help and to benefit everyone here, man or woman, black or white, gay or straight. Let’s start off with what are social inequities and what is minorities. Social inequality refers to a lack of social equality, where individuals in a society do not have equal social status. Areas of potential social inequality include voting rights, freedom of speech and assembly, the extent of property rights and access to education, health care and other social goods. Inequality is socially created by matching two different kinds of processes. The social roles in society are first matched to ‘reward packages’ of unequal value and individual members of society are then allocated to the positions so defined and rewarded† Social inequality is different from economic inequality but the two inequalities are linked. Economic inequality refers to disparities in the distribution of economic assets and income. While economic inequality is caused by the unequal distribution of wealth, social inequality exists because the lack of wealth in certain areas prohibits th ese people from obtaining the same housing, health care, etc. s the wealthy in societies where access to these social goods depends on wealth. Most Americans have a sense of the presence of inequality. We learn about it in many ways on a daily basis, from our observations of people, homes, cars, neighborhoods, and news accounts of the rich and famous. There is good evidence that we start to learn about inequality at a very early age and accumulate additional knowledge throughout our lives. Most Americans are aware of different forms of inequality. They know about income inequality and the patterns of discrimination against women and racial and ethnic groups. As we prosper through time, inequality is slowly less evident. A lot of people dont realize that although things are improving with time, inequality is still prominent in our society. The people that are failing to realize that there still is inequality are the fortunate ones. They rise well above the poverty line, and usually live relatively economically sound lives. They are the people who are supplied with our societys benefits. The people that are in pursuit of social change, and constantly bring attention to issues of equal rights and privileges, are often the people that do not have them. They are the ones who suffer daily from different levels of inequality. Minorities are people who are a racial, religious, political, national, or other group thought to be different from the larger group of which it is part, which can be a board spectrum of people. Minority groups are made up of people who share a common set of cultural or physical characteristics that marks them as different from the powerful dominant group and for which they often suffer social disadvantages, because of their lack of power. As in the case of race and ethnicity, minority group membership is given by society. The most common minority groups are African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Women. A social inequality that is happening in the United States right now is health care among blacks. For blacks, health inequalities are the cumulative result of both past and current discrimination throughout U. S. culture. Due to discrimination and limited educational opportunities, blacks disproportionately work in low-pay, high-health-risk occupations (e. . , they are migrant farm workers, fast food workers, garment industry workers). (Vernellia). The lack of having a good job really affects the way people are cared for. Having a good job that provides good health care is the key, but like stated by Vernellia a lot of blacks don’t have good paying jobs that offer good health care, they either don’t have any or on public health care, which doesn’t cover much and what it does cover, doesn’ t grantee they proper heath care provider or health care choices. In fact, for blacks, racism is a primary factor. Even when you control for economics, blacks have poorer health. That is, middle-class blacks suffer poorer health than middle-class whites. In fact, middle-class whites live ten years longer than middle-class blacks, while poor whites live only three years longer than poor blacks. (Vernellia). Even though health care right now in the United States is becoming a big issue right now, the point is still clear that they have and have-nots are treated different. People who lack good insurance or insurance at all get the short end of the stick and get the â€Å"just to get you by† health care and health care providers, and most of these people are minorities. This is an issue that needs to be solved for many people are dying before their time just because they didn’t or don’t receive the best health care that is out there. Another big issue that has been hitting the news lately is another inequality here in the United States, and against another minority that a lot of people over look, the LBGT (Lesbian Bisexual, Gay, Transgender) community. These groups of people are normally looked over for their sexual orientation, or sexual preference. Most people over look this group because of some moral/religious views that they have about this group of people and then cast their discrimination upon them, which there for they are subject to is treated unfairly and unequal. As I did my research I came upon an article that was surprising to me, and was about the U. S military and how they deny veterans who are of the LBGT community their rightful benefits from being in the military. This was a shock to me for I know of the â€Å"Don’t ask, Don’t tell policy†, which I think is a disgrace to our country and our military, but to deny a person who put their life forward for a country and then not to receive their rightful benefits because of their sexual preference is ludicrous in my mind. For example: if a service member lives in a state where marriage (Massachusetts, California) or civil unions or domestic partnerships (New Jersey, Vermont, Washington, D. C. , etc. ) are available, they are prohibited by law from taking advantage of those legally recognized relationship statuses while still serving in the military (either on active duty or in the reserves) because of DADT. Once an LGB service member is discharged and becomes a veteran, he or she can marry, enter a civil union, or register as a domestic partner if the state so allows. However, because the Defense of Marriage Act prevents the federal government from recognizing these same sex relationships, spouses and partners of LGB veterans are denied access to death benefits, pension benefits, home loan assistance programs, medical benefits, the commissary, and any other benefits offered to heterosexual veterans. Hecht). That is just one of the unfair things that the U. S military upholds, you would think someone serving the U. S would have the same rights as their fellow heterosexual members have but they don’t. In the article they also mention the paying back of some benefits if military members were to â€Å"come out† to a commander that they will have to pay back all the funds given to them by the military and will receive a bill from the military. Like I mentioned while out country has come a long way, we still clearly have a long way to go. For this is one of the most discriminating things and error in our government, which is supposed to be for all people and not against its people. My research has proven that minority groups are still being treated unfair and unjust, and for many reasons. As we portray ourselves to be Americans and the land of the great American dream and opportunities for all. All are not granted the same things as others. Jobs, benefits, opportunities, education are all subjected to be taken away from the minority groups, which than lessen their success or goal of reaching that American dream, as they seek out to have one day. Our country us a melting pot and has always been that way from the being of time, we all learn from one another and should help one another. The founders’ of the Constitution wanted nothing more than for everyone to have the same opportunity to the joys of life and the joy of the American dream of being successful in life. While out country has come a long way we still have a ways to go, everyone is not equal, everyone is not assured to have the same benefits as other have, and it’s not right, and just like the suffrage movement, the civil right movements, and the movements that will take place in the future or that will occur in the present things have to be changed so that everyone has the same opportunity and benefits that everyone has, because as a American that is their right as a citizen of this wonderful country. References Institutional inequality denying benefits to lesbian, gay and bisexual veterans. Hecht, B Emily (2008) https://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=truedb=f5hAN=34796299site=ehost-live Inequality in healthcare is killing African Americans. Vernellia R. Randall (2000) https://search. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/login. aspx? direct=truedb=f5hAN=47903159site=ehost-live* .

The People s Wish For A Good Life Is Our Goal - 2252 Words

â€Å"The People’s Wish for a Good Life is Our Goal† President Xi Jinping In Guangdong, all of the three poorest counties, Xingning, Dabu and Wuhua are located in Meizhou Muncipality. This widening income disparity between Meizhou and other regions carries in it the seeds of future discontent and could well lead to political instability. The time for action is now. Following Comrade Xi’s message to help people break away from poverty and achieve prosperity, concrete actions against income inequality in Meizhou Municipality are the call of the hour. The key recommendations to bridge income inequality between Meizhou Muncipality and other regions of Guangdong are: (1) Push for equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas (2) Improve rural infrastructure to create better living conditions as well as a better environment for economic activities (3) strengthen vocational training for rural labourers and improve their ability to be employed in non-farming jobs 2. Causes and Context of Income Inequality in Meizhou Municipality a. Geographical Conditions: There exists a great difference in geographical conditions and natural resources among the Pearl River Delta Area (PRDA) and the Mountainous Areas of Guangdong province. Meizhou, has therefore, not fully benefited from the industrialization of the prosperity of the province, as most industries are based in the PRDA. The development is relatively slow and people lead a relatively poor life. Half of theShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : Make A Wish Foundation1018 Words   |  5 Pages Make-A-Wish Foundation is a 501(c) (3) non-profit organization which helps to fund and provide experiences for children with life-threatening medical conditions. CEO David Williams articulated, â€Å"The vision is not just about a number - it s about real lives and very real wish impact† (Make-A-Wish America, 2016, p. 1). 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Case Study PREPARE ENRICH Essay - 2603 Words

Premarital Marital Counseling David Cook Liberty University December 06, 2014 Case study PREPARE/ENRICH Steve and Cindy When a couple agrees to counseling to help their marriage, one of the first things sought after would be to resolve differences that are weighing heavy on the marriage. In this case, Steve and Cindy have started on a journey through taking the PREPARE/ENRICH program. The tests and answers are detailed to the couples characteristics and personalities and cover the couples strengths and weaknesses. This case study analysis will separate the case into three main topics of discussion. Their strengths and weaknesses will be highlighted first then potential conflicts or problems will be discussed and finally a†¦show more content†¦The potential for growth in these categories could point out the underlying cause for many of the other problems that are present. The category of communication was answered by Steve and Cindy much differently. Their answers did not compliment rather they contradicted each other. The couple agreed that they both were good listeners and they trusted each other but could not always talk to each other because of negative feelings. They also express concern in the inability to express their needs to each other. True feelings are difficult to be expressed because of the lack of understanding. Neither one is satisfied with how they communicate with each other. One barrier to help them overcome and move forward would be to make a decision on how they are satisfied or not and recognize the barriers that are keeping them from communicating. There is some skewed information in the category of conflict resolution. Their answers and the information seem to show the couple in in a cycle that goes on being unresolved. The answers Steve gives shows that he may not value the magnitude of the problems and even set aside some of Cindy’s problems because he feels they do well in conflict management. 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Taking a Look at Government Surveillance - 2224 Words

Government Surveillance Government Surveillance, a way that the government says that will keep you safe from foreign dangers like terrorist attacks, espionage, and perhaps a international war. However you have to sacrifice your private life, and business for increased protection and surveillance. Government surveillance, defined by dictionary.com as a noun that states â€Å" Close observation or supervision maintained over a person, group, etc, especially one in custody or under suspicion†(Merriam-webster.com) the word was also taken from the French word surveiller that means to watch over and was adopted and changed as the English word surveillance. Government surveillance has been with us ever since the start of groups, dynasties, government and more. Back then, in the medieval ages like in the sixteenth century. Surveillance was hardly surveillance at all. Regular people paid by the enemy, or nation diplomats, or just amateur people looking for easy money, all mostly did it. 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Abstract of Judgement Decision Making Topics Free Essays

Reading 1. 3 (Jackall, R. (1988)) : Looking Up and Looking Around In every corporation the crux of a manager’s charisma is his decision making prowess. We will write a custom essay sample on Abstract of Judgement Decision Making Topics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Though there is an abundance of scientific theories and myths related to decision making, generally decisions are made in a highly rationalized context. A manager would prefer taking decisions that are based on well-formulated and generally agreed upon strategies rather than evaluating all the possible solutions to the problem in hand and then taking a well reasoned decision. In contrast, managers are highly uncomfortable when faced with situations in which there are no specific procedures. Managers vouch for their own safety, safety in terms of reputation and therefore tend to look around and see what others opinions are, the perspective of their superiors. In situations where their reputation is at stake, or huge sums of money involved, or even the company’s goodwill is at stake managers tend to hesitate and wait for an opinion not due to lack of experience but due to fear of failure. Another aspect why managers tend to look around is the accusation or blame time after a problem occurs because there is no means to track down responsibility. As a result of bureaucratic structure higher authorities can easily sneak out of such situations leaving the subordinates hung out to dry. A negative aspect in an organization would be milking a plant which is generally performed by a top level authority in order to maximize gains. The negative aspect in this is of course the organisation bears the brunt of it, moreover at the end of it all, the person assigned the charge of the milked plant eventually becomes the scapegoat. Another aspect is that if focus remains on short term profit it may not be the key to lasting achievements though it may be profitable for a short duration. Likewise individuals look out for their own interests instead of the organisations when there are immediate personal benefits. Experience: In my experience this occasion has occurred a number of times when my manager tends to avoid the risky or rather sticky situations. As a newly appointed sales engineer in a trading firm my manager used to pass on a number of sales quotations to me for processing and finalizing the deal. Since I was fresh to the field of sales I didn’t realize that he was forwarding me these sales orders just because those orders were from clients who weren’t credible enough. Though I managed to get a couple of orders, two of the orders went kaput in terms of payment for which I was held responsible. My manager washed his hands of me accusing me with not consulting him before I plunged to seal the deal. Though on the other profitable orders he too had a take on the credit but the blame only fell on me. Reading 4. 3 (Wildavsky, A. , and Dake, K. (1990)): Theories of Risk Perception: Who Fears What and Why? This article mainly focuses on the outlook of different kinds of people, outlook such as the perception of risk of different products and practices, the diverse effect of a particular practice or event on these different groups, the intensity of the effect on these groups and the varying concerns on an individual basis to a diverse range of risks so as to understand the patterns of risk perception. Fundamentally an individual perceives a hazard as a risk with greater anxiety if his wellbeing is likely to be in danger. If the hazard doesn’t seem to affect him or his beliefs in any way it wouldn’t be of any concern to him though it might be of ample concern to someone else who will be directly affected. By classifying people on the basis of social relations such as hierarchical, egalitarian and individualist, along with the cultural biases that support them, turned out to be the best way to account for the perception of risk. It was found that people who support egalitarianism would be more inclined to risk taking individually but as a social group would be more risk averse, whereas those who favour hierarchy tend to be the opposite. An individualist would be risk taking when it comes to technology as they see an opportunity for growth. These observations were in respect to technology and environment but in terms of personality structure there is no evidence as to variation in risk perception. In spite of these observations one cannot presume that risk taking is preferred by cultures of individualism and hierarchy neither can one presume that egalitarians are always risk averse this is because as risks pertaining to technology and environment are feared by egalitarians in a similar way social deviance is feared by hierarchists and the risk of war is feared by individualists. In conclusion, depending on the object of attention risk perception also varies. Experience: During my tenure in a shipping company as a procurement executive I had once the task to procure water pump for eight ships. Since this was a high priority requirement and involved huge costs I made sure I had researched the market well and decided on a particular brand (Grundfos) even though there was another pump (Davey) that perfectly suited our requirements. The reason was that Davey’s technical support was really bad. So I forwarded the research report to my MD who called for me and told me to go ahead with the purchase of the Davey pump telling me that it was profitable and worthwhile to get our own technicians trained since we could use more of their pumps. To me it seemed like a big risk especially since it involved a huge cost but to him it didn’t seem a risk at all. Reading 6. 1 (Lindblom, C. E. (1959)): The Science of â€Å"Muddling Through† The author compares and contrasts two different approaches to policy making – Rational comprehensive method (Root) and the Successive limited comparisons (Branch) and explains why branch method is a better approach in formulating policies. The root method starts from the fundamentals, improving on the past only if included in a theory. This method cannot be used for complex problems simply because the facts needed require a gigantic compilation of observations. Whereas the branch method continually springs up from the present situation in a step by step manner, varying in small degrees and is more appropriate for complex problems because facts requirements are small and are relevant to the policy. In the root method, initially values or objectives have to be clarified before the alternative policies are examined. Disagreement is unavoidable even when objectives are clearly stated. Another difficulty is ranking of conflicting values since objectives may not have the same relative values. Whereas in the branch method values and policies are selected simultaneously and only incremental values are focussed on making it simpler. Secondly, in the root method, ends are initially chosen in a means-end relationship and means are then developed whereas in branch method means as well as ends are simultaneously chosen. Thirdly, in the root method decisions are termed â€Å"good† if an objective is achieved even when the decision hasn’t been described. In the case of branch method where the objectives are defined only by the incremental values it is still possible to determine if the policy achieved the desired objective. Again in the root method it is impossible to take all factors into consideration due to limitations unless the complex problem is simplified whereas the branch method by limiting the policy comparisons to relevant ones only differing slightly from the current policy the problem is simplified. Finally policy is made and re-made endlessly in the branch method. Nevertheless, branch method does have its disadvantages but is far superior for decision making in complex problems. Experience: In a new start up firm generally new policies are made often or even old ones are amended. During my work as a business development manager in a newly start up firm, I along with another colleague had the major task to formulate policies for my division. We decided to put together basic policies related to our past experience from similar jobs. This served as the base to us and the other employees of the division. There were revisions to these base policies only when there was a need to amend it because it wasn’t working for us or when some mishap happened and a new policy was inevitable. But the fact was that the new policies didn’t vary from the old policies in such a large manner. So it wasn’t difficult for the employees to get accustomed to the new policy. And slowly we managed to put together a solid set of policies. Reading 7. 1 (McIntyre, R. M. Salas, E. (1995)): Measuring and Managing For Team Performance: Emerging Principles From Complex Environments The author of this chapter focuses on a fairly neglected but critical aspect namely teamwork that develops as teams mature over a period of time. The base for this research was military teams but due to the similarities between military and any organisation the findings can be extended to teams in an organisation too. The model formed for this research was The Team Evolution and Maturation (TEAM) Research Paradigm. The TEAM paradigm program observed and measured a number of tactical decision-making teams. Interviews were conducted, data instruments and self-report questionnaire were developed and employed to assist in the research. The data analysed were scanned for evidence of behavioural trends that characterized team performance and the results were presented. Teamwork is the interactive behaviour between members of a team but depending on circumstance may include technical activities. Teamwork consists of four major factors-performance monitoring, feedback, closed-loop communication, back-up behaviour and also performance norms such as team’s self awareness and supporting interdependence among team-mates. Also effective teams modify their behaviour depending on the situation and do change over a period of time. Another category that led to a better understanding of team performance was Team leadership. A team leader must be able to serve as models of teamwork in order to maintain the team’s effectiveness by engaging in teamwork and improving the team performance, being prepared technically, by listening and benefiting from the knowledge of team members, accepting and providing feedback but at the same time being cautious about his leadership style and the respect he commands. The role of each individual team member was also important in this context. Team members should be individually competent so that effective team work can take place but at the same time be aware of the tasks of his team-mate. Also, a team member must not be dependent on an outstanding team member by evading responsibility. Experience: During my career in a software company a team was formed for every project. The team was formed depending on the requirement of the particular phase of the project, budget and duration. The team members were selected based on their experience. Meetings were conducted with the project managers on an individual basis as well as a team. New ideas as well as difficulties faced by each team member were noted. Another method employed by the company was the team appraisal form in which team members rated their team mates in different tasks. At the completion of the project too a review of the performance of the team as well as the project manager was conducted. For the next project the outcomes of these reviews were specially taken into consideration to form another team. What I observed was as a team our performance improved and tasks were completed with less difficulty among team members. Reading 5. 3 (Parkin (2000)): Expert Judgment This reading discusses about how the conceptualization of information can help in retaining information for longer periods of time and achieving expertise. It also classifies the characteristics of an expert and finally whether experts are better judges in their own domain. The short term memory in human beings can only absorb and process few chunks of memory and that too for a short period of time whereas to remember data for a longer period it is necessary to put them in long term memory. Some recent findings have shown that in order to support the short-term memory, experts developed their long term memory thereby overcoming the limited capacity of the short term memory. But again the storage capacity isn’t what makes a difference between a novice and an expert. It is the ability of an expert to visualize and analyse as well as reason the patterns and data in such a way that it provides room for more planning that differentiates him from an amateur. In order to have this ability of an expert, practice seems to be the only solution. Again being an expert in problem solving in a particular domain is not the only skill required by an expert but good planning skill too is critical. By deciding on the right methods and goals based on past experiences experts are more successful in predicting likely outcomes. Thus in order to facilitate quick retrieval of information from the long term memory it is necessary to conceptualize the largely disaggregated data that one acquires during education and training. Through a continuous series of trial, error and reliable feedback, information gets stored in memory and readily available. But in spite of these characteristics experts may not be better judges also in their own domains. An expert’s decision would differ from another one based on his knowledge and experience. But again agreement cannot be the only criteria to judge an expert. Experience: During my career as a computer engineer I had done multiple projects. But I remember one of the projects in the early days of my career which was a fairly complex one. It was a complex one only because in spite of learning that programming language in my undergraduate course and also having been rained for it in the company I had to struggle through the coding because I hadn’t practised it actually. But the irony was that the project manager was quite an expert at it and had an extensive knowledge in that programming language despite the fact that this language came into actual practice long after his graduation. I later came to know that he had successfully completed a number of projects using this program ming language. Thus practice and definitely the multiple projects he executed got him to this level of expertise. Reference 1. UTS November 2002, ‘Judgment and Decision making’, CN2118 Lectures Reading Material. How to cite Abstract of Judgement Decision Making Topics, Papers

Diageo Case Study for Potential Change- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theDiageo Case Study for Potential Change Management. Answer: Potential Change Management and Risk Issues It is important for an organization to change management to ensure that there is an achievement of set goals. The change is due to the dynamic external environment. The external environment keeps on changing requiring the management to develop strategies that are flexible to handle the changing business operations. Diageo Company aims at improving the efficiency in production through a review of the human resource functions. The company is supposed to change to come up with leadership and staff that are highly qualified to offer diverse spirit products to the targeted consumers (Jeston Nelis, 2014). Diageo is required to continuously improve the spirit products to have a sustainable competitive edge in the alcoholic beverages industry. The consumers of alcoholic beverages have diverse needs about their drink requiring the management to implement advanced technology in production. Proper leadership in an organization makes it possible to come up with an effective team that will work toward achievement of set goals. The costs of production in Diageo require being revenue to increase the revenue acquired from the sale of alcoholic beverages products. Overall change process Managing change is essential in ensuring that there is a smooth flow of operation of the business. This is where the change is supposed to be integrated into the production of alcoholic beverages production by Diageo Company for the achievement of set market share internationally. The strategies implemented in production and HR department require being accurate to operate in different nations. Diageo has operations over 180 countries requiring developing a company policy that will provide a smooth flow of operations. The management of change process requires analysis of views from the stakeholders of the company (Cavusgil, et al., 2014). The stakeholders have an interest in the production of the requiring the management to implement change that is effective in increasing the revenue from the sale of alcoholic beverages products internationally. Change makes it possible for a company to acquire a competitive edge in the market due to the continuous change of the external business envi ronment. Diageo produces high-quality spirits to the people requiring the management to implement change to deal with the diverse needs of consumers. The overall changes in the organization require considering technology, economy, growth opportunities and consumer needs for the accomplishment of set long-term goals (Boons Ludeke-Freund, 2013). The change is supposed to be helpful to the organization in improving the profitability level. Global strategy change by Diageo is implemented in phases to ensure that there is a proper execution of strategies in different locations of operation. Lessons learned/risk Diageo global strategies are aimed at acquiring a sustainable competitive advantage in the global alcoholic beverages industry. Risk management is essential in business to improve the performance of the company in the international market. Diageo strategies aim at reducing the cost of production of spirit products through the use of technology and proper HR functions. The strategies are implemented in phases to have a stable foundation in the organization due to the difference in the external environment in operating countries (Bohari, et al., 2017). The strategies are implemented by effectively managing the external business environment for the achievement of set long-term goals of production. Diageo has integrated technology in human resource to ensure that there is a quality production of spirits for the targeted global consumers. The technology used in HR is implemented in phases to evaluate the impact of change on the performance of the company. The governance of global strategy requires considering the service offered by the organization and business engagement in the industry (Sparrow, et al., 2016). Diageo strategy focuses on the set vision, mission and company values in ensuring that there is an improved performance in the global market. Proper leadership and teamwork in an organization improve the effectiveness of an organization. Leadership and technology change in Diageo has made it possible for the organization to cut costs by 20% which improves the revenue acquired from sale of spirit brands to the targeted global market. In 2006 the Diageo acquired an increase of 6% of profits from the sale of the 12 top spirits brand produced by the company. Use of technology in production makes it possible to achieve the set long-term goals (Westerman, et al., 2014). Diageo implemented the following strategies in using technology in HR functions; PeopleSoft in February 2004, IS strategy which implemented SAP in August 2004, September 2004 impact of SAP implementation was assessed, July 2005 there was organizational change, September 2005 SAP HR was applied in operation to cut the cost of HR functions. The implementation of technology by Diageo in HR and production made it possible to reduce the cost of production while maximi zing profits. Managing change Change is a process which requires being properly managed to ensure that it has a positive effect on the performance of the business. Diageo implements changes in phases to evaluate the effects of change in production properly. The change in an organization requires providing a competitive edge in the targeted market (Wagner III Hollenbeck, 2014). Diageo implements changes to ensure that there is a continuous improvement of the 12 top spirits brands in the global market. There are three processes in managing change which is preparation, managing and reinforcing the change in the organization (Dawson Andriopoulos, 2014). Preparation is where the stakeholders are required to be identified with the need for change in the organization. Managing change is developing a time frame to implement change for to monitor the effectiveness of the change. Lastly, is reinforcing the change to ensure that there are quality services and products to the consumers for an increase in profitability for the organization. Bibliography Bohari, A., Hin, C. Fuad, N., 2017. The competitiveness of halal food industry in Malaysia: A SWOT-ICT analysis.. Journal of Society and Space, pp. 1-9. Boons, F. Ludeke-Freund, F., 2013. Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda.. Journal of Cleaner Production, pp. 9-19.. Cavusgil, T. et al., 2014. International business.. s.l.:Pearson Australia.. Dawson, P. Andriopoulos, C., 2014. Managing change, creativity and innovation.. s.l.:Sage.. Jeston, J. Nelis, J., 2014. Business process management.. s.l.:Routledge.. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C. Chung, C., 2016. Globalizing human resource management.. s.l.:Routledge.. Wagner III, J. Hollenbeck, J., 2014. Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage.. s.l.:Routledge.. Westerman, G., Bonnet, D. McAfee, A., 2014. Leading digital: Turning technology into business transformation.. s.l.:Harvard Business Press..

The Potato Famine Essay Example For Students

The Potato Famine Essay We are talking about one of the greatest tragediesOf the nineteenth century.-Ian GibsonIrish-American. To some, this term merely designates one of the many ethnic groups which can be found in the United States; but to those who are Irish-American, it represents a people who faced a disaster of mammoth proportions and who managed to survive at great cost. The Great Hunger of 1845 changed, or more often, destroyed the lives of millions of Irish, causing them to seek refuge from poverty and starvation in other, more prosperous countries. However, not all countries would accept these victims of the Potato Famine. After an immense burst of Irish immigration to Great Britain, the British Parliament began to halt Irish migrants from entering the country. Thus, the only other land promising prosperity, liberty and an abundance of food was the United States. The potato crops failure caused millions to come to America hoping for a better life. Some never made it to America, others dispersed in to Canada, and some died upon arriving in the new land. However, they all contribute to the rich story found herein. We will write a custom essay on The Potato Famine specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Emigrants, by definition, were people who could somehow find enough money to pay the passage, very often both for themselves and their families, to Great Britain or America. The average Irish immigrant was from a rural area, most often from the provinces of Connacht and Munster (Akenson 36). This immigrant could read (three-fourths of all migrants were literate). This immigrant and his family dispersed into one of the large cities. Few wished to become American farmers after the famine, for it brought back memories of the old life (Bence-Jones 106). Many had dangerous jobs and experienced a poor quality of life. This immigrant settled somewhere along the Eastern seaboard. This created a strong social and political impact, because many Irish stayed together after the trip to America (Akenson 35). Due to this immigrants rural history, he became and unskilled laborer, or domestic servant. And, because of their poor state of destitution, the average American associated this average Irish immigrant with the decline of the United States (36). While the poor immigrant defined the average Irish-American, more migrants actually came from wealthier famine-affected countries in the north and east of Ireland (O Grada, Black 47 113). Thus, the famine produced a radical shift in the regional origin of Irish immigrants. Those who were very wealthy probably would not have been drastically affected by the famine whereas those who migrated the most. However, the poorer element from counties such as Clare, Kerry, and Mayo had weak representation in the area of migration after 1846 (114). Everything that happened in Ireland during nineteenth century has indeed been overshadowed by the catastrophe which overtook the country between 1845 and 1851. The Irish Potato Famine of 1845-1851 was one of the great catastrophes of the nineteenth century and divides modern Irish history. It was a disaster which poisoned Anglo-Irish relations for many generations to come, and had profound effects not only in Ireland itself, but in England and North America as well. Nineteenth-century Ireland was the most densely populated country in Europe: in 1800, its population was 4.5 million, and by 1841, it had risen to eight million (Kinealy 15). Yet much of this population existed in condition of sorrow and misery lay in the dependence of the peasantry on just one staple crop, the potato; in western countries like Mayo and Galway, nine-tenths of the people ate nothing else (MacManus 602). Here was a disaster waiting to happen, made worst by the rapid rise in population in the first half of the century which forced the peasants to subsist on smaller plots of land (O Grada, The Great Irish Famine 63). The authorities of Ireland were not blind to the peril, for there had been a serious blight of the potato as far back as 1817 when thousands had died, and in 1824, a government commission had identified chronic overdependence on the potato crop as a potential menace to the population (Kinealy 45). In 1844, there had been another serious blight when half the potato crop had been lost, so that the special hardiness of Irish peasants had allowed many to survive (Percival 120). Hopes were high in the summer of 1845, however, when there was every sign of a fine, healthy crop of potatoes. But the weather that summer was curious and, in retrospect, sinister. Summer heat was mingled with thunderstorms, mists, and big variations in temperature unusual in Ireland (Kinealy 44). So a superstitious peasantry wondered what lay in store for them. The first rumors of blight came from Cork in June, but as late as August peasants and farmers still expected a bumper crop of what they call praites (66). By mid-September, all this had changed. The whole potato plant was changed into a filthy, odorous black mush, all the more appalling because the crop had seemed so healthy. Desperate people, seeing a years supply of food disappearing before their eyes, cast about for an explanation, and came up with bizarre ones which made the moon, fog, frost, easterly winds, and even the electricity from the summer storms responsible (O Grada, Black 47 79). The true villain in this tragedy was a humble fungus called Phytophthora infestans, brought to Ireland by ship from America which, unknown to peasantry, infested first the soil and then the potato plants. Because they did not, and could not in the state of existing scientific knowledge, know this, the peasants attempted to save their crops by hauling them out of the ground to dry or cutting away seemingly healthy bits to eat (Bence-Jones 106). In their ignorance this was understandable, because the leaves of the plant had black spots with a whitish mould underneath, and they could not know that once the fungus had established itself, both potato and stalk were doomed. Equally incomprehensible was the sinister speed with which the blight spread, so that by early 1846 every county in Ireland was affected. In fact, wind, rain, and insects carried the fungus spores to other potato plants (Kinealy 58). .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0 , .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0 .postImageUrl , .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0 , .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0:hover , .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0:visited , .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0:active { border:0!important; } .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0:active , .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0 .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2307fe6b9f5621213a1161ac3fc9edc0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drug Abuse and Reprocussions Thereof EssayThe impact of the total blight of the potato crop on the Irish population was devastating. In desperation, people tried to find other materials to eat. Mussels and other seafood were more vehemently seized at the coast, and sheep stealing increased markedly (O Grada, The Great Irish Famine 63). Some lucky ones caught wild game; others tried eating plants. But nothing could fill the gap left by the stricken potato. In Irelands dire emergency, the Catholic archbishop of Dublin called for prayers in all Catholic churches that God would ease the calamity upon them. The British authorities were not unaware of the extent of the problem in Ireland. However, from the outset, the British government was completely unprepared for the massive scale of disaster. The Prime Minister, Sir Robert Peel, was a reasonable man, and thus he ordered a scientific commission to inquire immediately into the causes of the blight (MacManus 603). This produced useless advice for starving Irish, and it also contributed to the quick depletion of Britains Irish relief fund. Peel reverted to more practical measures, but ones that were entrapped in the bleak economy theory of the day. This was called political economy, and was the most extreme form imaginable of market economies; it meant that in no circumstances might the government interfere with the market, and no doctrine could have been less suited to the Irish crisis of the 1840s (Bence-Jones 106). This system forbade the giving of food to the starving Irish because such an action would be an interference with natural market laws, and interfere with prices so that merchants would hold back from the market. Nonetheless, Peel knew that by the beginning of 1846, a quarter of the population was on the verge of starvation, and something had to be done (Macintyre 228). However, none of Peels, nor any other British administrators, actions had any major effect on the starving Irish. The British dealt with the crisis by conducting misdeed after misdeed, misspending after misspending, and blunder after blunder. The funds designated for helping the Irish did anything but that: they were used for futile attempts of reviving the potato crop and employing Irish farmers to do frivolous, useless work. To make matters worse, Parliament put into effect harsh laws upon the poor in Ireland. These laws include the Vagrancy Act, which stated that if one was found idly wandering with no means of support, he was imprisoned. Also, the British foreclosed many houses with no justification, which caused many people to be sent to jail in lieu of the Vagrancy Act. Realizing that staying in Ireland was, in effect, digging their own graves, droves of Irish fled the country, looking for a better place (MacManus 606). There was a strong British influence in the migration of the Irish. In December of 1846, British Prime Minister Lord John Russell, evaluated that nothing can effectually and immediately save the country without an extensive emigration. (Percival 119). Emigration to Britain became overwhelmed and began to send the Irish back. This was devastating to the poorest of the migrants because it was extremely cheap to travel to Great Britain. While Britain was sending boats full of Irish back home, America continued to accept them (125). This is why so many migrated directly to the United States; they knew that they would be accepted without question. Two contributing factors caused the Irish-Americans to be the slowest in making the transition between laborer and non-laborer in the U.S. Firstly, because they arrived with little or no means of living and support, due to the ravishing famine (O Grada, Black 47 109). Secondly, most of the skilled workers were the first to migrate, and were accepted by Great Britain. The Potato Famine greatly altered the patterns in which the Irish migrated. Between 1821 and 1851, 42% of all U.S. immigrants were Irish (Akenson 36). The number of immigrants prior to the famine was small. 700,000 arrived in the U.S. between 1820 and 1840, which averages about 35,000 every year (Bence-Jones 105). The famine caused these statistics to greatly increase: 1,700,000 immigrated in the next 20 years (Bence-Jones 105). By 1850, 26% of New Yorks population was Irish. In 1851, four years after the height of the famine, immigration had reached a peak of 216,000 people in one year (105). By 1855, Irish-Americans made up one-fifth of Bostons population (105). Long-term effects can be seen by the fact that by 1860, 5% of the American population had Irish ancestry (Akenson 35). The Great Famine also had an effect on the demography of migration. In 1846, 6.1% of all Irish immigrants were farmers. From 1846 to 1851, 11.2% were farmers (O Grada Black 47 110). The famine also altered family migration. 50.8% of those reaching New York in 1846 traveled with at least one other person having the same last name, compared to the 57.9% who reached New York between 1847 and 1851 (108). Another unique aspect of the famine-inspired immigration is the ratio of male/female immigrants. There were equal numbers of Irish men and Irish women who migrated to the U.S. between 1846 and 1851 (Akenson 35). This is because the only escape for women was emigration: this was their only means of getting a job or getting married. Both of these occurrences would ensure the womans financial stability. .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6 , .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6 .postImageUrl , .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6 , .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6:hover , .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6:visited , .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6:active { border:0!important; } .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6:active , .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6 .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua0c50b9009f21d838c725f29460527e6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Academic CHeating EssayDespite these astounding numbers, not all migrants were fortunate enough to experience life in the new world. 6,100 people died on the voyage across the ocean. 4,100 people died on their arrival to the world of promise and prosperity. 5,200 people would die after being admitted to a U.S. hospital. And 1,900 people would die in the city or town in which they planned on building their new life (MacManus 610). Not all immigrants arrived in America by direct passage. There were many backdoor entrances to the U.S. made by Irish. Canada was controlled by Britain at the time, and was more that happy to allow Irish to travel downriver from Canada for free. The British went so far as to offer free passage across the ocean to Canada in order to not only rid Canada of Irish, but also the motherland itself (Akenson 37). Despite the fact that millions of people migrated from Ireland because they thought of it as a solution to the famine, it actually was not. Emigration was not an effective form of disaster relief because it did not target those who were at greatest risk of dying (111). This is because those were at the greatest risk of dying were usually the poorest of the peasants. By the time they realized they had to leave Ireland, it was already too late for them. They were without land, without money, without food, and without energy. Statistics show that for emigration to have been a truly effective remedy during the famine, the out migration from the poorer counties would gave to have been much higher (O Grada, The Great Irish Famine 121). The famine triggered off a population decline that lasted in Ireland as a whole until the 1900s and in many rural areas until current times. This is often seen as the famines most important legacy. The famine certainly provided the spur, but the persistence of population decline is perhaps better explained as the consequence of how low living standards were in Ireland prior to 1845. The post-1845 exodus was due to the pull of outside forces in the sense that it persisted despite rising living standards at home (130). The famine meant that emigration peaked earlier in Ireland than in other countries participating in the great trans-Atlantic voyage. The Irish outflow was so greatremoving one third to one half of each rising generationthat it provoked repeated warnings of depopulation (134). The Irish emigration rate declined more or less steadily in the post-famine century, and the proportion of those born in Ireland living abroad had peaked by the turn of the century (Perceval 138). In the end, however, the Potato Famines effect on Irish migration had positive long-term results (Solnit 31). Although the great majority of the famine immigrants remained poor, later generations were better equipped and found that previous generations had paved a more receptive environment for them (MacIntyre, 112). In American cities they could attend flourishing Catholic churches with large Irish congregations; they could read Irish newspapers and seek work with city councils dominated by Irish politicians. Some new arrivals went into business and prospered. Many men joined the city service departments, the police, the fire service, while many women became teachers (MacManus 44). Irish people gradually became accepted as respectable American citizens. The prejudice diminished, and then slowly disappeared. Ironically enough, the United States was the cause of the Potato Famine, yet it was also a solution. What if that fate-altering American ship never traveled to Ireland, thus not introducing the fungus to the Irish potato crop? Irish-Americans would not be the same, and would have little power in todays world. Not only was the famine immigration important to Irish contemporaries because it was their only chance of survival, but it was also important for Irish contemporaries of present because the original Irish-Americans suffered in order to make their descendents lives better today. WORKS CITEDAkenson, Donald Harman. The United States and Ireland,Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1973. Bence-Jones, Mark. The Remarkable Irish, New York: DavidMcKay Company, Inc., 1966. Kinealy, Christine. The Great Calamity: The Irish Famine,Boulder: Roberts Rhinehart Publishers, 1995. MacIntyre, Angus. The Liberator: Daniel OConell and the Irish Party, New York: The MacMillan Company, 1965. MacManus, Seumas. The Story for the Irish Race, Old Greenwich: The Devin-Adair Company, 1979. OCathaoir, Brendan. Famine Diary, Dublin: Irish AcademicPress, 1999. O Grada, Cormac. Black 47 and Beyond, Princeton UniversityPress, 1999. . The Great Irish Famine. Cambridge University Press, 1999. Percival, John. The Great Famine: Irelands Potato Famine,New York: Viewer Books, 1995. Solnit, Rebecca. A Book of Migrations. New York: Verso, 1997. Somerville, Alexander. Letters from Ireland During the Famine of 1847, Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1994.