probability of brest cancer :: essays research papers

Probability of Breast Cancer A National Cancer Institute (NCI) report estimates that active 1 in 8 women in the United States (approximately 13.3 percent) will develop breast pubic louse during her sprightliness. This estimate is based on cancer rates from 1997 through with(predicate) 1999, as reported in NCIs Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program publication SEER Cancer Statistics Review 19731999. This publication presents estimates of the risk of developing breast cancer in 10-, 20-, and 30-year intervals. Each age interval is assigned a weight in the calculations based on the proportion of the population living to that age. The 1 in 8 figure means that, if current rates stay constant, a female born today has a 1 in 8 chance of beingness diagnosed with breast cancer sometime during her life. On the other hand, she has a 7 in 8 chance of never developing breast cancer. Because the SEER calculations argon weighted they take into account that not all women li ve to older ages, when breast cancer risk becomes the greatest. A womans chance of being diagnosed with breast cancer is* from age 30 to age 40 . . . . . . . 1 extinct of 252 from age 40 to age 50 . . . . . . . 1 out of 68 from age 50 to age 60 . . . . . . . 1 out of 35 from age 60 to age 70 . . . . . . . 1 out of 27 Ever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 out of 8 In evaluating cancer risk for a cancer-free individual at a specific point in time, age-specific (conditional) probabilities are more appropriate than lifetime probabilities. For example, at age 50 a cancer-free black woman has about a 2.5-percent chance of developing breast cancer by age 60, and a cancer-free white woman has about a 2.9-percent chance.Among the racial/ethnic groups studied by SEER**, non-Hispanic white, Hawaiian, and black women have the highest levels of breast cancer risk. Other Asian/Pacific Islander groups and Hispanic women have lower levels of risk. Some of the lowest levels of risk occur a mong Korean and Vietnamese women.

Goldeneye and computer

American cinema has changed as American culture has changed. This can be observed by focusing on genre movies produced during diametrical quantify periods. A fantastic modeling is to analyze different James hold movies. The James Bond franchise began with Sean Connery starring in the movie Dr. No in 1962 and is currently still very popular with Daniel Craig starring as James Bond, most recently in Casino Royale. There atomic number 18 more or less things that never change with James Bond, he always drives stylish cars, uses gadgets and gets the girl or girls.But stylistically the movies have changed as American culture has changed. An excellent example of this is by comparing From Russia with Love (1963) and Golden Eye (1995). Both plot lines deal with Russia and Soviet agents and involve travel to exotic locations. Many plot fates ar actually almost identical, Sean Connery seduces a Soviet defector and squeeze Brosnan has relations with a Soviet government worker. Both mov ies deal with finding or fillet an important device, the Lektor and the Golden Eye. Both films also contain unknown evil organizations, S.P. E. C. T. R. E. and Janus. (Broccoli, A. , 1963, Broccoli, B. , 1995) One of the largest differences is the roll of women. The females in Goldeneye be very active in the story line not only as love interests. Xenia Onatopp is the main assassin and second in command to Alec Trevelyan. Nataylia is a Russian computer programmer working with Goldeneye who first appears to be passive as she is the only innocent survivor from the massacre at her work. From Russia with love also has females but their actions are not on par with the men.Tatiana is a Soviet spy that eventually defects because she has fallen in love with Bond, but she doesnt actually save Bond, her go steady is much more of the perception of fair sex from the mid 1900s. The woman was just beginning to become independent and self-reliant. During Goldeneye and the future modern Bond fi lms woman can take care of themselves and they even save Bond During the Bond era of For Russia with Love women were still very much eye-candy and caused trouble, they havent gotten to the point of saving Bond. (Broccoli, A. , 1963, Broccoli, B. , 1995)Do to the advancement of cinematography the stunts are bigger and louder and the gadgets are even more complex and cool. In For Russia with Love James Bond is looking for Lektor a cipher machine used by the Soviets. In Goldeneye Bond is trying to find the Goldeneye, a satellite system with killer capabilities. Pierce Brosnan manages to take out Russian buildings with a tank and a Russian armored train. This really is an example of how technology has developed and been incorporated into films.Computers play a large part of Goldeneye and computer usage had not become popular yet during the 1960s and is not featured in From Russia with Love. At the time of From Russia with Love a cipher machine would be very important, where as during Go ldeneye space technology has advanced and weapons threat has become very advanced. Bond and Tatiana do travel by train but it is a passenger train, no secret armored vehicle. The clothes, cars and music of the times are incorporated into the films.Despite the circumstance that Golden is supposed to take place in the mid 1980s the clothes, except for the uniforms are very modern from ten years or so in the future. During From Russia with Love the clothes are very mush from the 1960s and traditional of what one thinks of when they picture Russia. Large thick coats with fur collars, very Dr. Zhivago. (Broccoli, A. , 1963, Broccoli, B. , 1995) sluice the quality of the picture and influence of new cameras has an effect on the style of film. Both films are good quality but the more modern films are sharper, you can almost see the influence and advances made using digital images.It is a fascinating time to watch the James Bond films in successiveness as you see how American culture infl uences almost all parts of the film even down to the costumes. The basic plot lines contain some very similar scenarios but the role of women, influence of technology and advancement of weapons make it possible to place the time period in which each movie was produced. References Broccoli, A. , (producer), Young, T. , (director), From Russia with Love, USA, MGM, 1963 Broccoli, B. , (producer), Campbell, M. , (director), Goldeneye, USA, MGM, 1995

Competitive Strategy for Dialog Mobile

free-enterprise(a) out bend 1 matched outline for dialogue winding rivalrous strategy 2 ABSTRACT The study aims at making a competitive strategy for dialogue Mobile, the depictr of nomadic telephony service which is the core business of Dialog Telekom PLC. Dialog which currently has client mingy of everywhere 5 Million and a tax shargon of over 60% is the commercialize sounder in Sri Lankas winding industry.However due to combative competitor price wars, the entrance of multinational giants such as Bharthi Airtel, spherical and domestic economic downturn, fluctuating inflation and full(prenominal) cost of qualification hand with a bullish magnification strategy, Dialog had to impertinence a loss of Rs. 2. 88 Billion in two hundred8 from a profit of 8. 91 Billion in 2007. This forms the background for Dialogs competitive strategy. Since the industry has an Oligopolistic structure, continual price wars argon putting the industry at risk.In launch to be susta inable in such an environment it is crucial that Dialog focuses on customer retention and acquisition via customer central policies, processes and a culture of relentless pursuit towards prodigious customer service. This would cod to be backed by lean processes, prudent investments and rigorous project management. Dialog should in any case consider the feasibility of fol pooring an outsourced flummox by handing over high cost activities such as network nucleotide management and IT to selected vendors. Competitive dodging 3 plug-in of Contents ABSTRACT . 2 demonstration .. 6 Preliminary Business Analysis 7 Value Creation micro frugal Analysis .. 10 Cost Structure .. 10 quintuplet Forces Analysis. 12 lively Rivalry Amongst Competitors .. 13 Threat Of New Entrants . 3 The Power Of Suppliers . 14 The Power Of Buyers .. 15 SWOT Analysis 15 Strengths. 15 Weaknesses 6 Opportunities .. 17 Threats .. . 17 Market Structure & Customer port. 18 Dialog Telekom PLC Performance Revi ew for 2008 .. 19 Macro Economic Analysis . 3 Economic Forecast 25 Driving Forces .. 27 Competitive Strategy 4 Driving Forces in the Local Industry .. 27 Changes In Long Term Industry Growth Rate 7 Entry Of Major Multinational Firms .. 28 Innovative Business Models . 28 exponential function Growth In Network Bandwith .. 28 Regulatory Changes . 28 Reduced Consumer Spending.. 9 Unemployment 29 Increased Taxes .. 29 Driving Forces In The globose Industry .. 30 The Internet And Digitization Of Content . 30 Strategic Plan For Dialog Mobile 0 Short Term . 30 heighten Cost trouble .. 30 Increased Focus On Customer Retention . 31 Process Optimization To Support Customer Centric Objectives .. 31 Stringent Project Management With Emphasis On Significant Value Addition 2 Long Term Plan (2-4 Years) . 32 Cost lead . 32 Outsourced Business Model . 32 Increased Emphasis On Data . 33 Increased Emphasis On Green Technologies 3 REFERENCES . 34 Competitive Strategy 5 Table of Figures duck 1 DIRECT COSTS . 11 TABLE 2 OPERATIONAL COSTS .. 11 TABLE 3 DTL SUBSCRIBER GROWTH . 9 TABLE 4 DTL REVENUE GROWTH . 19 TABLE 5 DTL DIRECT COST COMPARISON .. 20 TABLE 6 DTL OPERATIONAL COST COMPARISON 20 TABLE 7 DTL FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE SNAP SHOT 22 simulacrum 1 VALUE CREATION .. count 2 DTL COST STRUCTURE.. 10 FIGURE 3 VALUE CHAIN 11 FIGURE 4 five-spot FORCES ANALYSIS . 12 FIGURE 5 DTL REVENUE GROWTH INVESTOR FORUM 2008 .. 20 FIGURE 6 DTL QUARTERLY REVENUE GROWTH 1 FIGURE 7 DTL SUBSCRIBER GROWTH 21 FIGURE 8 BUSINESS CYCLE .. 23 FIGURE 9 SRI LANKA GDP ANALYSIS 25 FIGURE 10 SRI LANKA INFLATION TREND .. .. 26 FIGURE 11 SRI LANKA MOBILE TAXES 7 Competitive Strategy 6 Economic Strategy for Dialog Mobile Introduction Dialog Telekom PLC, Sri Lankas leading telecoms corporation, ope judge Dialog GSM, the coarses largest mobile phone network. Dialog GSM has spearheaded the mobile industry in Sri Lanka propelling it to a level of technology in line with the best in the world. The company operates 2. 5G and 3G networks, with the distinction of being the first 3G operator in South Asia. The Company alike provides International Roaming facilities in over 190 countries.Dialog GSM is the countrys largest cellular network providing services to over 5 million customers across the island (Dialog, 2009) In addition to its core business of mobile telephony, Dialog Telekom operates Dialog TV, a direct-to-home satellite television service, Dialog Broadband which offers fixed-line services and broadband internet and Dialog Global which provides a wide range of international telecommunication services. The telescope of this study is limited to the formulation of a Competitive Strategic Plan for Dialog Mobile which is the largest revenue contributor.The total mobile subscriber tail end as at 31st declination, 2008 was 5. 51 Million, out of which12% consists of post paid customers. The ARPU for post paid was Rs. cxl4, while Prepaid was Rs. 319 as at 31st December 200 8 (Dialog, 2009). Competitive Strategy 7 Preliminary Business Analysis Value Creation Dialog Telekom PLCs Vision and Mission provide insight into the ship canal in which the company strives to create value to its customers. Vision To be the undisputed leader in the provision of multi sensory connectivity resulting always in the empowerment and enrichment of Lankan lives and enterprises (Dialog, 2009).Mission To lead in the provision of technology enabled connectivity touching multiple human senses and faculties, through committed adherence to customer set, responsive and flexible business processes and through the legal transfer of quality service and leading edge technology unpar all toldeled by any opposite spurred by an empowered set of dedicated individuals who are driven by an irrepressible desire to work as one towards a common goal in the truest sense of the team spirit (Dialog, 2009). Competitive Strategy 8 Figure 1 Value Creation Customers perceive benefit CS =PB MP Va lue Created PF = MP PC Organizational costBeing a mobile telecom service provider in a nutshell the company provides value to society by enabling people to be accessible at any time from any place at an affordable price. With regard to the reason for the companys existence it would be prudent to initially generate into account the following requirements/characteristics of mobile telecommunication The existence of significant inlet barriers due to the need for thanksgiving from TRC (Telecommunication Regulatory Commission) for commencement of operations Competitive Strategy 9 Extremely high capital and operational expenditure requirements for nfrastructure (base move, reigns, contact center and service outlets, systems) and brinytenance The requirement for specialized knowledge regarding every fount of Mobile communication The need for a significant workforce in ramble to start operations and maintain status quo post commencement An widen payback period resulting in the need for revenue generation in order to be sustainable (consumption of the service sans significant profit generation is not financially viable) All aspects mentioned above make it impossible for a single or small group of individuals to replicate the production of mobile telecommunication.This is in line with the reflections of Coase (1937) who stated that firms are to a greater extent efficient at coordinating activities in proportion to marts. Dialog Telekom would confound the benefit of economies of scale & economies of team production, thus drastically reducing cost of production. The other significant advantage is the common ownership of productive resources such as engineering, legal, IT, accounting, charging etc. Competitive Strategy 10 Micro Economic Analysis Cost StructureDialog Telekom being a mobile network operator has to collaborate with many suppliers and stakeholders in the value chain in order to run the operations and provide sufficient value to the customer and in that respectby earn profits. Figure 2 DTL cost structure Banks, finance companies Suppliers of support services such as dealers & franchisees Government taxes Network equipment suppliers Dialog Telekom Other suppliers of capital items PCs, headsets etc Hand set dealers & retailers Direct costs Airtime and SIM card retailersCustomers Competitive Strategy 11 The above diagram shows a helicopter view of the various stakeholders and the way in which cash flows in and out of the company. The key source of revenue is the incorporated and retail consumer base. Table 1 Direct costs Table 2 Operational costs Figure 3 Value chain Network link costs formed a major portion of direct costs, while selling expenses formed a major portion of operational costs (Dialog, 2009). Competitive Strategy 12 Five Forces Analysis Figure 4 Five forces analysisThreat of new entrants Threat posed is relatively high not withstanding significant entry barriers ICT company Maxis is poised to launch operati ons to break the 6th mobile operator Supplier power Many suppliers Suppliers currently wield relatively low power Existing rivalry amongst competitors 04 fixed line operators 05 Mobile operators 29 ISPs Intense rivalry amongst competitors Buyer power Buyer power is relatively high Switching costs are low Many mobile operators to choose from Threat of substitution VOIP and CDMA can be considered substitutes However, hreat posed is minimal Competitive Strategy 13 Existing Rivalry Amongst Competitors There are currently 04 mobile operators that could be considered direct competitors to Dialog, namely Mobitel, TIGO, Hutch & Bharthi Airtel. The biggest competitor currently is Mobitel, with a market portion out of approximately 18% in comparison to Dialogs 53% (Bartleet Mallory stockbrokers, 2008). Mobitel follows an extremely reactive strategy, where it mirrors every action undertaken by Dialog. For example, Mobitel launched 3G service currently after it was launched by Dialog.Mob itel likewise follows predatory pricing techniques by constantly undercutting the prices set by Dialog in a bid to lure customers away. Bharathi Airtel, the current player in the industry is a market giant in India, with over 100 Million subscribers and a market share of over 25% (Report Buyer, 2009). Airtels strategy has always been providing affordable mobile services to customers. TIGO, which was formally known as Celltel concentrates more on the Prepaid market. TIGO was the first player to provide per second billing facilities to customers.Hutch while being a dominant player in India is more of a fringe player in Sri Lanka that also emphasizes on the Prepaid segment. Threat Of New Entrants While barriers to entry into the market are relatively high, there are quite a few players that have every entered or are in the process of entering the market. One such player is Maxis, a Malaysian company which already has operations in India and Indonesia. Maxis also owns 44% of shares at SLT (Bartleet Mallory stockbrokers, 2008). While Maxis would Competitive Strategy 14 further erode Dialogs market share its strategy might be less predatory in comparison to some players.Other players with plans to enter the Sri Lankan market are Reliance Mobile and MTNL, both Indian companies. Reliance Mobile, like Airtel is also a giant in the Indian market constantly at war with the latter for the number 01 position. The Power Of Suppliers There are many suppliers of mobile infrastructure components in the industry. These suppliers supply products such as base station components, cell switching components and services such as base station assembly, tower assembly and switching optimization. Vendors take Huawei, Sun, Ericsson etc.Dialog Telekom being an industry giant and the fact that there are numerous vendors means that the influence of the vendors is less in comparison to the power wielded by Dialog. Furthermore mobile service providers bribe products in large quantities o ver a ache period of time. This would also include the purchase of services such as assembly and maintenance. Securing such contracts are extremely important from the suppliers perspective. Vendors such as Dialog due to its extensive influence in the local industry will also influence the research and training process of the vendors and the type of technology that is developed.For example, the adoption of 3G technology would have dictated the priorities of the vendors in terms of the type of technology that should be introduced to the market. Vendors in general have high fixed costs such as R and low incremental costs thus making it extremely important that they secure profitable contracts with mobile operators. Competitive Strategy 15 The Power Of Buyers In stark contrast to the vendors, the power of consumers is high. This is due to the low switching costs. A new SIM only costs approximately Rs. 00 hence customers do not have to spend a great deal if they want to switch operat ors. This power wielded by the consumer is only compounded by the presence of many mobile operators in the industry. The fact that these operators also include giants such as Bhrarthi Airtel only result in providing the buyers more bargaining power with their current operator. SWOT Analysis Strengths The main strengths of Dialog are threefold, one its brand name, two its vast infra structure and three the financial backing from its parent company Axiata.According to Perera (2008) from the Asian Tribune, the company was voted the number 1 brand for two consecutive years with a brand value of Rs. 12. 324 million in 2006 and Rs. 12. 401 million in 2007. The company was also voted number 1 amongst the top ten companies in April 2008. Innovation has always been one of Dialogs strengths the company was the first to launch SMS, MMS, Song catcher, mobile commerce, mobile e mail, information on demand etc in the region. Dialog was presented the most innovative brand of the year award in lea rning of this fact at the SLIM brand excellence awards.Competitive Strategy 16 In terms of infra structure and reach Dialog Telekom has over 1200 base stations spanning all provinces and has over 100 customer service centers, which is more than any other company in the country. Dialog operates 2. 5G and 3G networks. It is also linked to over 200 global destinations via international roaming (Dialog, 2009). Axiata group Berhad is the emerging leader in Asian mobile communications. It has controlling interest in Dialog Telekom along with many other subsidiaries in the South East Asian region.The continuous financial support provided by Axiata for Dialog Telekom is one of its key strengths and has had a great touch on on the development and expansion of the company. Dialog in return has been a significant contributor of profits for Axiata. Weaknesses One of the key weaknesses of Dialog Telekom is its increasingly high costs. A feature of many conglomerates that experience rapid growth is the inefficiencies that silently creep in. Total costs improverd by 40% as at December 2008, with costs of finance increasing by 233% and depreciation by 81% (Dialog, 2009).Dialog also has a 3500 strong workforce which has resulted in overlapping scope of work across many divisions and units. The increasing size of the company has also lead to inefficient processes and unnecessary beurocracy. As a result it would be more and more challenging for the company to make swift changes in its strategic direction. Bigger companies also have the added endangerment of being further distanced from the end consumer of their products and services. This danger is also a reality due to many personnel being unaware of VOC (Voice Competitive Strategy 17 f the customer), thus resulting in policies that arent necessarily customer centric in nature. Other weaknesses include its legacy systems. Most of its systems require upgrades or changes due to the strain imposed by the rapidly growing custom er base and advances in technology over the years. However such changes cannot be made within a short timeframe and huge centre of financial resources and time are required to successfully implement changes. Opportunities Current mobile penetration in Sri Lanka is estimated to be around 50% with room for a further 20% in the short term (Lanka Business Online, 2009).At the end of 2008 there were 11. 087 million subscribers with an annual growth rate of 39% which is a bemuse from 48% in 2007 and 61% in 2006. Provinces such as North West, North Central, Sabaragamuwa, East and north have a fixed line dissemination of below 10% and therefore provide ample opportunity for accessiond mobile penetration. Threats The main threats associated with the mobile industry are the increasing number of competitors and the global economic impact on customer spending patterns. The increasing competition has lead to huge price wars which has in turn forbidly affected all the players in the industry .This trend could have a long term impact on research and development and the investment into new technologies. Therefore even though companies Competitive Strategy 18 might feel that they are able to remain competitive in the short term it could result in long term step-down in the value provided to consumers. Dialog is not immune to this problem, but rather it is has reacted to the price wars by drastically reducing the tariffs and by providing customers with packages that include 1000 minutes outgoing free call charges. Furthermore the rate of penetration is also on a reducing trend.Market Structure & Customer Behavior The telecommunication industry in Sri Lanka consists of a few key players. As mentioned prior, the industry consists of 05 mobile operators and 04 fixed line operators. 100% of the mobile communication market share is owned by these 05 players. There are also significant barriers to entry. A firm would require very large financial resources to start operations. Ex isting dominant companies would also have influence over the suppliers and essential resources such as a qualified and skilled workforce, network infrastructure and dealer network.New comers would have to negotiate terms with the same vendors who would have more leverage due to their existing contracts with the incumbent players. New entrants would also face barriers such as requiring approval and licensing from the Telecommunications Regulatory Commission for the commencement of operations. The success of any startup company in the industry would also depend on its own brand recognition (from operations in other countries), since it would have to compete with companies that have a loyal customer base with significant brand recognition locally.The type of watercraft (Value Added services) provided by the players in the industry are to a large Competitive Strategy 19 extent homogenous in nature. All these factors are suggestive of an Oligopolistic market structure. The telecommunica tion industry is also a reducing cost industry. This is due to the fact that as the number of players in the industry increases the suppliers of network infrastructure would experience economies of scale. This would result in lower input costs for the mobile operators who also purchase items in bulk quantities.With respect to customer behavior patterns, customers are generally price elastic thus as a rule when prices are change magnitude by a given percentage, habitude reduces by a larger percentage. However, this behavior pattern cannot be taken for granted since there are various other factors that have an impact on the purpose patterns of customers. Dialog Telekom PLC Performance Review for 2008 The customer base grew to 5. 51 Million at the end of 2008 recording a 29% growth in comparison to 2007 (Dialog, 2009) Table 3 DTL subscriber growth Table 4 DTL revenue growth Competitive Strategy 20Figure 5 DTL revenue growth Investor forum 2008 Average revenue per user had dropped b y 23% for Prepaid and 17% for Postpaid respectively. This was due to aggressive price wars by the competitors which resulted in Dialog significantly reducing its tariffs. However, the reduction in prices did not significantly increase the amount of usage due to reduced elasticity of demand, while the 29% increase in customer share was conservative at best. Prepaid revenue contribution was 48%, while postpaid revenue contribution was 29%. VAS account for almost 10% of the total revenue (Dialog, 2009) Table 5 DTL Direct cost comparisonTable 6 DTL Operational cost comparison Competitive Strategy 21 As captioned there was a 48% increase in direct costs and a 36% increase in operational costs YoY (year on year). This was due to an increase in International telecommunication levy & frequency fees, increased telco depreciation, an increase in network costs (driven by increased energy costs) and an increase in customer related costs. Increases in operational costs were due to increased oper ations (increased number of base stations), increased maintenance costs and inflationary pressure. Figure 6 DTL Quarterly revenue growthFigure 7 DTL Subscriber growth Competitive Strategy 22 There was a noticeable reduction in the subscriber and revenue growth between the second and fourth quarters of 2008. However, quarterly growth was 10. 7% as at Q4 which the highest since Q2 2006. Table 7 DTL monetary performance snap shot Profit after tax was a negative Rs. 1. 5 Billion. This was due to many factors such as Rising energy and transport costs Local and global Macro economic downturn Reduced elasticity levels Inflation Predatory price wars and marketing tactics of competitors Competitive Strategy 23Macro Economic Analysis Figure 8 Business cps Peak Peak Trough Recession Expansion One business cycle time The global economic crisis which started in mid 2007 and worsened in 2008 inevitably had an impact on the Sri Lankan economy which also had to contend with a well-bred war for the last three decades. The global economy is currently facing a recession, largely due to mishandling of debts in the U. S which eventually had an impact on the global economy. Some analysts are hopeful that the worst is over and that the real GDP has passed the trough stage and that the economy might be on the rebound.The 30 year long war has lead to immense war related spending by the government with less attention given to development. In a bid to retrieve the money government taxes Competitive Strategy 24 have been regularly increased, thus having a negative impact on customers disposable income and resulting spending patterns. The global economic crisis only added fuel to the fire with millions of workers losing their jobs worldwide. This in turn had a ripple effect on the countrys expatriates who are a great source of foreign income.Foreign remittances are used to take care of 70% of the countrys contend dearth (Pushparanjan, 2008). These expatriates were amongst the fi rst to be retrenched and forced to return to Sri Lanka. This situation was compounded by reduced demand for goods and services produced locally, thus resulting in widening balance of payments and mental block of companies that rely on exports. Garment companies for example account for 3 Million dollars in foreign income annually, of which 50% is reinvested in fabrics and machinery (Samath, 2009).The resulting loss of jobs for thousands of people in the local industry has a direct impact on their overall spending on goods and services. This domino effect has indirectly resulted in low mobile usage and adoption of new services resulting in a reduction of net profits. However, the end to the military conflict in Sri Lanka after 26 years has resulted in a positive outlook for the countrys economy. The all share price index rose to a 7 month high and the important bank of Sri Lanka has shifted its forecast from 2. 5% growth to 4. 5 to 5% growth by the end of the year (Shiyin, 2009).The government has already laid out plans for grand development initiatives in the North of the country. This augurs well for the economy as a whole and the mobile industry in particular since it would result in increased Competitive Strategy 25 employment opportunities which would in turn hopefully translate to increased mobile usage. Economic Forecast The rate of inflation is anticipate to be around 7% in 2010 and an average of 6. 5% in 2009. GDP growth rate is expected to improve from 2. 5% to 4. 5 5% by end 2009 due to the end of military operations ( Figure 9 Sri Lanka GDP analysisAs shown the projected trade deficit for Sri Lanka is 9% of GDP for 2009. The trade deficit has been increasing YoY (Colombo Page, 2009) Competitive Strategy 26 Figure 10 Sri Lanka inflation trend Projected inflation rates are single digit figures i. e. approximately 9%. This is a reduction from 14% in the previous year. To support growth, Sri Lanka in December unveiled a 16 billion rupees ($140 mill ion) stimulus package and reduced the interest rates to 16. 5% from 17% (Thomas, 2009). Taxes imposed on mobile users in 2007 were 7. % Mobile Subscriber Levy and a usage insensitive 5o rupee tax on subscriptions. The 50 rupee tax was later dropped and the MSL was increased to 10% in 2009. VAT was reduced to 12% in 2009 from 15% in the previous year Competitive Strategy 27 Figure 11 Sri Lanka mobile taxes This amended levy of 10% is salutary to consumers who spend less than Rs. 2000 per month. However, overall this tax will have a negative impact on total consumer usage (Samarajiva, 2007) Driving Forces Driving Forces in the Local Industry Changes In Long Term Industry Growth Rate As at end 2008 there were 11. 87mn mobile subscribers in the market, a penetration rate of 54%, and annual growth of 39%. However, this rate of increase is slower than in previous years -48% in 2007 and 61% in 2006 (Sri Lanka communications report, 2008). With increased competition and predatory tactics i t would cause harder for any given company to experience substantial growth in the coming years. Competitive Strategy 28 Entry Of Major Multinational Firms With the entry of firms such as Bharthi Airtel and Reliance mobile in the pipeline existing firms would have to become more and more competitive in order to survive.Innovative Business Models Many of the firms are developing innovative business models in the foreign markets. Companies have that to implement extremely innovative models in the local industry. However Bharthi Airtel has initiated this trend with its simple plans theory, where unlike the rest of the players in the market it has distanced itself from the concept of multiple rates during different hours to different networks (off peak, peak, weekend etc) Exponential Growth In Network Bandwith The bandwith provided by broadband internet providers has significantly increased over the years.In the past 512 kbps was considered sporting and was the norm, now however, mos t operators provide speeds of over 2GB. This has changed the usage patterns and reasons for use by consumers. Regulatory Changes Certain players such as Bharthi Airtel were vying for the implementation of number portability, but this was not implemented by the government citing security concerns. The government also recently requested all mobile operators to ensure that both postpaid and prepaid customers are registered with their rightful owners. This has had a negative impact on the sale of prepaid connections.Competitive Strategy 29 Reduced Consumer Spending Consumer spending has significantly reduced and has had an impact on the bottom line of most players in the market. Elasticity levels which were around 1 1. 5 in 2006, reduced to 0. 7 in 2008 (Dialog, 2009). This has forced companies to drastically reduce spending and in certain instances even retrench employees to reduce costs. The cost cutting measures will have an impact on training and development and R, which in turn wo uld have an impact on the long term. Unemployment The unemployment rate which was steadily reducing over the years (6% in 2007, 5. % in 2008) is bound to face a reversal in 2009, due to the global recession. The central bank of Sri Lanka has requested the government firms to put recruitment on hold (Lanka Business Online) bank the economy improves. This would have a direct impact on plans for expansion any organization. Increased Taxes Government taxes on mobile users has been in a constant state of flux and a reason for much concern amongst the mobile operators and consumers alike. This volatility of the governments policies with regard to taxes will have a negative impact on the growth of the industry. Competitive Strategy 0 Driving Forces In The Global Industry The Internet And Digitization Of Content Internet usage in the country is still in its early stages. However one of the threats the internet poses with the increased bandwith provided by ISPs is the widespread adoption of VOIP, since this service would be provided FOC. This could become a direct threat to the telecommunication industry in the future. Strategic Plan For Dialog Mobile Short Term Enhanced Cost Management Cost optimization is crucial for an organization to remain competitive. As companies expand inefficiencies result as a byproduct.Dialog is no exception, a bullish strategy for expansion resulted in reduced retained profits and a bloated middle management. A loss of Rs. 2. 88 Billion in 2008, compared to a profit of Rs. 8. 91 billion in 2007 is ample reason for rigorous attention to the prevention of revenue leakage and prudent investments with an eye on the long term. Competitive Strategy 31 Increased Focus On Customer Retention Often companies can get swept away by concepts, especially ones that give you a false sense of safety such as Customer Relationship Management, Customer Experience Management, Customer Lifecycle Management etc.Most companies pay lip service to these practices a nd they a lot believe that they do practice it. However there is often a huge gap between actual customer satisfaction levels and the satisfaction levels perceived by the company. Rather than romanticizing these concepts, companies should actually practice it religiously. In the case of Dialog, it would mean ensuring that all customer facing staff have the right qualities for the job. Skills can be taught, but attitude is harder to change.The true essence of customer service should be instilled and practiced constantly. This should be backed by the right policies and coordination amongst all stakeholder divisions in order to ensure that the customers needs are continuously met beyond expectation. Process Optimization To Support Customer Centric Objectives All processes as faraway as possible would have to be tailored with the customer in mind. However, most business processes tend to be inward looking, There is a constant tug of war between various stakeholders who seldom work in synergy.This is due to conflicting interests and lack of customer visibility. For example Finance and Credit departments create their processes with the sole aim of managing finances and credit collection, which tends to focus on the short term profit, rather than long term customer retention. The take exception then is for the process management team to ensure that all cross functional customer related processes are driven by customer centric objectives. This would also Competitive Strategy 32 include the removal of all non value adding processes and continuous review

Pakistan Culture

Here In this global world, people can be easily determine by their culture. People dresses, Behaves and live according to their culture. The culture is followed by our forebears and still it will be followed by our future generations. There are many cultures to talk, yet this dissertation concentrates on the culture of Pakistan and America.Since both are different cultured the Pakistan culture follows many traditional ways than American culture. In Pakistan people homogeneous to live with join family in the reason that they adopted to that culture. They live in the same home until it becomes old and it is named dominated society. Women were not allowed to study and men go to work.In the Olden days they assumed that women were not allowed to study if so women will not respect them and social order will be changed. moreover in the modern world women also started to study and experience the life outside the home. Pakistani people strictly follow religious culture than American.The P akistani people are called as Muslims. Pakistani culture gives regulations to men also than any other cultures in the world. People of Pakistani showcase their identity as Muslims through that women wear veil and Burga and men wear pajamas and grow bears.Many modifications are taking place in Pakistani culture because women get more emancipation than earlier and many women writers are coming up like Malala.Pakistanis grandly celebrate Ramzan festival. American culture is enjoying more liberation and survives joyfully. They like to live nuclear life and do not mingle with family members. From teenage itself, they live their own life, take care of themselves and take own decisions. In Pakistan only Muslims lives, but in America many religious people live and follow their own religion without any hesitation. The American people are Christians and live a ample life with limited moral values, but Pakistan has strong moral values.

Humanitarian activities Essay

valet prat be defined as fictitious character of macrocosm world the peculiar nature of man, by which he is distinguished from other beings. Being human does non mean that an individual possesses humanity. If you want to attend the quality of humanity in an individual take none of what he does for people who give noting back in return to the favour they have offered. One of the most outstanding examples of extra- ordinary humanity in a human being has been portrayed beautifully by Mother Teresa.Humanity means caring for and circumstances others whenever and wherever possible. Humanity means helping others at times when they need that help the most, humanity means forgetting your selfish interests at times when others need your help. Humanity means extending unconditional love to each and every living being on Earth. A perfect example of humanity can be present by the following story. This story can be understood as an exaggerated statement so that individuals understand the importance of humanity in their twenty-four hour period to day lives.It is important to understand one important fact an individuals life is successful not by the number of degrees he or she attains but by the degree of humane activities that individual is into on a day to day basis. Serving the poor and the disabled is one of the greatest humanitarian help an individual can provide in his or her lifetime. It is essential to understand the fact that we are extremely lucky to have everything we desire at any point of the time we need.Serving the needy means that you yourself think that you have more than enough resources to your disposal. People who always crib that they do not have sufficient facilities available despite having everything can never provide humanitarian services because if one has the mind set of not being self- sufficient, how can he or she help someone else. One is always remembered for his or her good effects and it is essential to understand that there is no better deed than providing services for humanitarian causes.If eating and having fun is only what we are born to do then we should keep one thing in mind as yet animals can do such activity if God has made us humans there has to be some reason behind it. Only human beings can understand the importance of humanity and it is humanity as a result of intelligence which actually gives the core essence to human existence. You will not need a hefty bank account to contribute towards humanitarian activities. Paying your domestic help fairly is also humanity.You are willing to acquit thousands of bucks for your medical check- up but when it comes to paying your employee you want to save every penny. Humanitarian activities should never be performed in order to achieve fame or to relieve oneself a status symbol. You can easily achieve fame by the work you do. Lifting the heavy bag of an old woman is humanity, helping a disabled to scar the road is humanity, helping your mom in doing work is humanity in fact helping anyone who is in need is humanity. As soon as we understand the importance of humanity in day to day life, the purpose for which we are on Earth is automatically fulfilled.

Medical Records and Privacy of the Famous Essay

Medical Records and Privacy of the Famous Privacy seems to be something that some batch desire, but is becoming less and less available. With all the new technology, it is easier than ever to invade soulfulnesss privacy. With cameras everywhere, from ATMs to peoples cell phones, it is difficult for everyone to do anything that can be kept to one s self. While privacy is a objurgate that the average person doesnt normally struggle with, it is a conundrum that celebrities encounter everyday.Paparazzi are constantly following these famous people around as they do their everyday things bid shopping, playing with their children, partying, or simply hanging in their homes. It is basically the price to pay to be famous. While these celebrities lives are invaded to a large degree, shouldnt they lock away enjoy the right to keep some aspects of their lives private? Celebrities should have the right to keep things like medical records private, because non only is it a violation of the wellness Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA), it is unethical to release medical information about someone to the public, even celebrities.In recent years, there have been a number of break-ins of celebrity medical records that have been leaked to the tabloids. In 2006 one of the countrys leading medical institutions discovered that the security of their medical records had been breached when The National inquirer printed a story about Farrah Faucets cancer relapse, before the actress even told any of her family members (Steinhaurer, 2008). Ms. Faucet is not the only celebrity who has had this happen.In 2007, George Clooney was intercommunicate that his medical records were accessed by people who didnt have the right to look at them, following a motorcycle crash that left the actor with mazed ribs and scrapes. Britney Spears was also a victim when the media reported that she was involuntarily hospitalized in 2008 and put in the psych ward under the thought she c ould be a danger to others or herself. Gossip outlets and other news media reported on her interactions with staff and visitors throughout her hospitalization (Techweb, 2008).These are incidents that have occurred for many years, as tabloids are always elicit in the medical issues celebrities deal with, and keeping it under wraps is more difficult with technology making it easier for anyone to gain instant access to health secrets. With the advent of networked computers, the problem has increased exponentially, and celebrities are constantly surrounded by people who are go forthing to trade in medical information for profit or their birth 15 minutes (Blankstein, 2008).While the people who accessed the records of these celebrities and leaked the stories are definitely at fault, I think that much of the blame also lies with the reporters and journalists who actually print and picnic the stories. The press is violating privacy by releasing these stories in two ways, legally and eth ically. Medical privacy rules apply to everybody, including celebrities, Alicia Mitchell, spokesperson for the American Hospital Association said. Everybody is authorize to confidentiality of what is often very personal information (Rhea, 2007). By printing the very private medical information, there was a violation of HIPPA.HIPPA is an act that went into effect in 1996 and it set a national standard for securing and protecting patient health information. Hospitals have strict policies against leaking information, with the exceptions of insurance and law enforcement investigations. Because of this law, many health care providers wint even admit to treating some patients (Techweb, 2008). While the people who leaked the stories to the press have been reprimanded by either suspension or termination, there wasnt any type of consequences for the press for reporting this illegal material.That brings me to the ethical violation. Depriving people of their privacy is a cruel and immoral ac t, which could destroy their lives. The sole objective of tabloids is to make money, so theyll go to any extreme to satisfy their readers and increase circulation figures (Heng, 2006). It is obvious that celebrity news is an outlet that sells, as seen by the numerous tabloids and entertainment shows. The public has an come to in what is going on in the lives of these rich and glamorous people.This brings on a form of mediated voyeurism, which can be defined as, the consumption of divine revelation images and information about others real and unguarded lives, not always for the purpose of entertainment but frequently at the expense of privacy and discourse, through the intend of the mass media (Calvert, 2000). Basically saying that the public has a need to see these famous people and learn about their lives, even at the risk of incursive their privacy. The tabloids simply exploit the publics desire to learn these things, regardless of the ethical issues of invading a human beings privacy.They know people will buy it and that they will make money. I think that to be an ethical journalist it is important to empathize with the person whose life is about to be splashed on the papers. Of course there is the matter of getting the story and pleasing the readers and the editor, but it should take into account the publics real right to know. A story about the health of someone like the President of the United States might be something worth printing, because knowing how he is medically is of public interest because this is a man that is running the country.However, that is a different scenario with someone like Britney Spears. She is simply an entertainer and it isnt important for the public to know her health because it will not affect the daily lives of people. It is simply news that the public likes to learn about. If I were a journalist, I would like to think to myself how I would feel if someone had released my medical records for the public to read. I would fee l very violated. As Lance Morrow states, Good journalistic standards are not difficult to state, just tough sometimes when applied case by case.Journalists function best when they are mature, experienced, and intelligent when they keep their work as clear and simple as possible when they come back back upon decency and common sense if questions arise about whether to run a piece (Morrow, 2002). If these people were true journalists, they would think ethically about whether or not to release this type of information, and whether or not it is simply the decent thing to do. I would think that it would be an easy answer because, just because someone is famous, doesnt mean that all of their privacy rights should be violated.

Halina Resort

HALINA MOUNTAIN RESORT A Case Study Submitted By Richmond L. Chua Subject MG11A constituent 1D (4-6pm) Summary Halina Mountain Resort I. Statement of the Objective The objective of the study is to gain broader views on the analysis of the subjects (Halina Mountain Resort) vital components and beas which are directed towards the success of the companys establishment. In this study, certain factors are taken into consideration to determine whether changes or improvements of policies, strategies and other aspects are needed to be done. Furthermore, the subsequent stability and profitability of the company are taken into consideration.Factors which will affect such are studied and analyzed so as to uprise development of strategies which will help the company achieve its success. II. Central Problem One of the main issues that Halina Mountain Resort is the risk of high competition among its near adversaries engaged in the same industry III. Areas of Consideration (SWOT Analysis) 1. St rength Halina Mountain Resort is a company owned business. The first Resort in the scope that has a restaurant. The resort is the first resort to be reached in Laguna. 2. Weakness No safety measures mentioned. Halina Mountain Resort dont have enough budget. The key personnel of the resort are from Herrera family. 3. Opportunity Popularity is gained through customers, who share their experience to others through videos, pictures and others it acts as an advertisement for the Resort. 4. Threat Natural Disaster like typhoon, earthquakes and others. Other Competitors in the area that was patronized by people, or may have a low price. The Resort is near a creek, this may cause the land to be soft. IV. Alternative Causes of Action VI. Plan of Action